Recent polls asking Canadians what identifies them as ‘Canadians’ showed a significant number stated “the public healthcare system”—many describing it as uniquely Canadian and the best in the world.
These statements call to mind the fanatical fans of a perennially underachieving sports team which steadfastly refuses to emulate better performing franchises but whose fans continually chant “We’re number one” and believe against all evidence the team will win the championship. Disappointed year after year, the fans gripe but support the same management who created the problem and their failing attempts to improve the team.
The fact is the Canadian system is neither unique nor anywhere close to being the best public system in the world. There are dozens of public health care systems; all western democracies excluding the US and Mexico have a public healthcare system. Canada’s is, for the most part, less comprehensive and more expensive than most others. In fact, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) ranks Canada’s system as 30th in performance and access to services and technology while rating it the 4th most expensive system. How does “We’re number 30!” sound as a chant?
The basis for all public healthcare systems is that everyone regardless of economic situation and social status is entitled to quality, timely medical care. Within this context, every possible means should be employed to accomplish this goal.
So what has gone wrong?
The ‘system’ is not actually a single system at all. Medical service delivery is a provincial responsibility with 13 different systems (10 provinces and 3 territories), all with different coverage plans, accounting systems, management processes, licensing requirements and purchasing protocol. Little if anything is consistent from province to province or territory. Adding to the confusion are several other systems functioning within Canada. For example, the Worker’s Compensation Boards in most provinces utilize dedicated or private surgical facilities to expedite the return to work for workers injured on the job (and sometimes off the job as well). The military, RCMP, federal and provincial prisoners have their own systems or preferred access to the public system. In effect, the Canadian system is made up of 20-25 different systems each with its own rules and requirements.
In only one area is the Canadian system unique—it is the only public system with a single payer format; that is, a system where only government revenue and control is utilized to deliver core services. All the better functioning public systems employ a mixed system of payment including a component of private medical delivery, private health insurance and private payment for services. The result is better access to services and technology, better retention of medical professionals, more efficient administration, little or no wait lists for services and most importantly, a better functioning system for everyone; all this while keeping the stated goal in mind.
But what about the Canada Heath Act (CHA); doesn’t it prohibit a mixed system? Special interest groups have confused the public’s understanding of the CHA for their own purposes. When confronted directly, they often state whatever is being discussed ‘breaks the spirit of the CHA’—a meaningless phrase intended to stifle debate.
In fact, the CHA was intended as a partial funding agreement with the Federal government based on five principles, public administration comprehensiveness, universality, portability and accessibility. There were originally seven principles proposed including accountability and efficiency, which were unacceptable to the signatories as they recognized they could never live up to these two principles. At the time of signature in 1984, the Federal government agreed to assume 50% of healthcare costs.
As far back as the late 1960’s, the then premier of Alberta, Ernest Manning, warned against a partnership with the Federal Government stating they would never live up to their obligations.
It appears he was correct, as Federal funding participation has fallen to around 20%. However, that doesn’t stop federal politicians from meddling in healthcare delivery when it suits their purposes.
So what does the CHA say about a mixed system of delivery? A report prepared by the Parliamentary Information and Research Service titled Private Health Care Funding and Delivery Under The Canada Health Act partially concludes “ In summary, the private sector is involved in both the funding and delivery of healthcare in Canada, and the Canada Health Act neither prohibits nor discourages either the private delivery of health services or private health care insurance.”2
Like the underachieving sports team, until the fans awaken to the truth about the management and vested interests controlling the team and demand they emulate the better franchises and implement real accountability and efficiency, the team is doomed to the bottom of the ranking.
Okay, everyone—begin chanting . . . “We’re number 30! We’re number 30!”
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1The Fraser Institute – How Good is Canadian Healthcare: An International Comparison of Healthcare Systems 2008 Report
2 Library of Parliament Parliamentary Information and Research Service PRB 05-52E Private Health Care Funding and Delivery Under The Canada Health Act 28 December 05